Trafficking Cocaine: Colombian Drug Entrepreneurs in the Netherlands

Front Cover
Springer Science & Business Media, Jul 31, 2002 - Social Science - 335 pages

This study is based on five years of ethnographic fieldwork with Colombian drug traffickers (traquetos) in The Netherlands and Colombia. The author has uncovered the social world of traquetos: how and why they get involved in illicit activities, the nature of their work, and how they organize their businesses. This book will be valued by criminologists, social scientists, drug researchers, policymakers, organized crime scholars, and by those interested in Colombia, Latino immigrants’ issues, and the cocaine business.

 

Selected pages

Contents

Introduction
1
11 The problem and the argument
2
12 Research methods and fieldwork activities
7
121 Access
12
122 Building trust
13
roles and expectations
14
124 Fieldwork limitations dangerous mistakes and ethical boundaries
15
ethnicity entrepreneurship and drug dealing
17
52 Importing cocaine
156
social hierarchies amongst traquetos
159
Line owners
160
Mixed couples
162
Adventurers
163
523 Getting unorganised
164
front stores vs bona fide firms
165
White green and brown
168

132 Criminologists and the arranged marriage between ethnicity and organised crime
19
the art of fighting fluidity
21
illegal entrepreneurs businesses and markets
22
labour relations in the cocaine business
25
The Domain of Cocaine Emergence Impact and Organisation of Drug Entrepreneurs in Colombia
27
21 Cocaine in Columbia
29
the first contacts
31
from the mule to the plane
32
The Miami wars
33
212 Why in Colombia?
35
Political factors
36
Geographical factors
37
22 The numbers of cocaine
39
Coca in Colombia
40
The kitchen
41
Chemical precursor products
42
222 How much is exported?
43
223 Prices and costs
46
The costs of doing business
47
a narcoeconomy?
48
the business social structure
49
the cocaine centres
51
The Antioquian focus
52
The Central focus
53
The Valluno focus
54
entrepreneurs without cartel
56
On patrones deputies and labourers
58
Colombian cartels?
59
Between cooperation and savage competition
61
24 The social impact of cocaine entrepreneurs
63
242 Colombian mafia?
64
243 Social and political impact
67
Cocaine entrepreneurs guerrilla and paramilitary groups
68
Cocaine entrepreneurs and social violence
70
White Shipments Sour Transactions The Dutch Cocaine Market in European Perspective
73
Java and the Nederlandsche Cocainefabriek
74
From panacea to evil vice
75
Cocaine in Europe 19301970
76
Cocaine renaissance
77
312 Cocaine demand
79
Prices
82
Purity
84
313 Cocaine supply
85
Who controls supply in Europe?
86
Cocaine and colonialism
89
314 Reading European seizures
91
the cartography of cocaine trafficking
96
Spain and the Atlantic Coast
97
The Balkan route
98
Other lines
99
Bidirectional lines and transshipment areas
100
32 Why through the Netherlands? Some views from traquetos
101
The single market
105
323 The repression factor
107
324 The obstacles
111
With a Cross on the Forehead Colombian Migrants in the Netherlands
113
412 Class background and social capital
117
413 Welcomed?
119
A Colombian doesnt get stuck
120
Formal employment
122
Social Security and partner income
123
422 Facing obstacles
124
Legal status and material deprivation
125
selfidentity and cultural complaints
126
the old man is watching TV
127
salseros or ravers?
128
with a cross on the forehead
129
423 Dispersion and the limits of ethnic solidarity
130
Crossing and Crowning Colombian cocaine smugglers and importers in the Netherlands
133
heterogeneity and articulation
136
51 Smuggling cocaine
138
512 The players
143
Colombian smugglers in the Netherlands
144
Mulas
145
Boleros
149
Nineras
153
Tripulantes
154
assessing risks
155
The animals are coming
169
524 Further tasks around the importer
170
Security tasks
171
Logistic tasks
172
Sly Traquetos Safe Houses and Salsa Dealers Colombian cocaine wholesalers and retailers in the Netherlands
175
612 Back in the States
177
613 The competitive disadvantage of Colombian distributors in the Netherlands
183
dealing in a nonColombian environment
184
614 Local Colombian traquetos
190
Conspicuous traders
191
Discreet professionals
193
Flexible amateurs
195
correitos and ASOTRAPO members
196
Second generation traquetos
199
Favoured by other traquetos
200
62 Retailing cocaine
201
622 How far from traquetos?
202
623 Bars and coffeeshops
203
625 Crack
205
Bad Reputations Cocaine Prostitution and Illegal Immigrants
207
Traffic in women
210
Vulnerability
212
712 Colombians around the women
214
Clients
215
Service and good providers
216
settings for social interaction
218
Exchange
220
714 Prostitutes cocaine
222
Weak business linkages
224
72 Illegal immigrants and cocaine
226
727 Colombian illegal careers
227
722 Selectivity and specialisation
229
723 Offers that can be refused
232
724 Mutual rejection
234
Flexible Affairs Labour and Business Relations amongst Colombian Dealers
237
81 Branches criminal networks and flexible entrepreneurs
238
82 Sand through the fingers
240
Encaletador
241
Unloading in Zeebrugge
242
822 Miguels many bosses
245
823 Joels loneliness
246
83 Working withfor a traqueto
248
Partnerships
249
Joint ventures
250
The centrality of intermediaries and brokers
251
532 Labour relations
253
Professionals
254
Managerial bodies
255
Unskilled parttime employees
256
833 PostFordist arrangements
257
The Ambiguity of Violence Secrecy and Trust
261
91 Violence
262
912 Colombian violence in the Netherlands
265
Sicarios
267
Kidnapping
268
low profiles and quiet markets
269
92 Secrecy
271
922 Public and secret places
274
923 Nicknames
275
93 Trust
276
931 Building trust
277
932 Distrust and betrayal
278
Suspicious reputations
280
the management of business reputations
281
Conclusions
283
Colombia and the cocaine complex
284
The European and Dutch cocaine market
286
A Colombian enclave in the Netherlands?
290
Traquetos and other Colombians involved in the cocaine business
291
Cocaine prostitution and illegal immigrants
294
the postFordist nature of cocaine enterprises
297
Violence secrecy and trust
298
Map of Colombia
303
Cocaine relevant cases in the Netherlands
305
Overview of informants
315
Glossary
317
Bibliography
323
Copyright

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Trafficking Cocaine: Colombian Drug Entrepreneurs in the Netherlands
D. Zaitch
Limited preview - 2002

Common terms and phrases

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Bibliographic information

TitleTrafficking Cocaine: Colombian Drug Entrepreneurs in the Netherlands
Volume 1 of Studies of Organized Crime
AuthorD. Zaitch
Editionillustrated
PublisherSpringer Science & Business Media, 2002
ISBN9041118829, 9789041118820
Length335 pages
Subjects ›  › 

Social Science / Anthropology / General
Social Science / Criminology
  
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