The statutes in force consist of such as were expressly continued in force by the codes, such as related to subjects not embraced in the codes, and such as have been passed since the adoption of the codes. In some, and indeed in many cases, owing to the incomplete manner in which the work of repeal and supersession has been done, it is difficult to determine what is in force and what has been superseded; and in most of these cases no certainty will be arrived at until further action by the legislature or final adjudication in respect to them by the supreme court. The volume of "statutes continued in force" published by the code commissioners, though purporting on its title-page to have been published by authority, is not authority in the sense of having received the legislative sanction: Needham v. Thresher, 49 Cal. 392. The following pages contain all the general statutes expressly continued in force by the codes, and all others that seem to have been unaffected by the codes and to be still in force, except those that are distributed throughout the codes under sections appropriate to the subject-matter of the statutes. As to the statutes passed since the adoption of the codes, those altering or affecting any of their provisions, or relating to the same subject-matters, have been inserted in proper places therein; so as to keep together, as far as possible, all provisions of law upon the same subject, and exhibit on the same page any changes or modifications which may have been made.

Where

new statutes relate to matters not embraced in the codes they have been kept separate, and will be found below.

In regard to the special and local legislation, with which the volumes of our session laws are mostly filled, some of the most important statutes are given below; and others, where too long or too numerous for insertion, are referred to under the proper heads, such as those relating to "Fees," "Roads," etc. But in addition to such references, all the special and local legislation will be found fully referred to under the heads of the respective counties. When it is considered how greatly the legislation upon the same subject varies for different counties, it will readily be understood that a complete reprint of all such laws would be altogether impracticable. When it is further considered that by reason of such special and local acts the general laws are more or less affected in the different counties, it will also be understood that complete references to such laws must be found valuable. For this reason, the plan, first adopted in "Hittell's General Laws," of giving lists of all the special and local legislation under the heads of the counties respectively has been continued in this work. It may be here added, what however has probably already struck the reader of the above remarks, that our system of statute law is, in many respects, very far yet from being reduced to anything like uniformity or proper order.

Per capita amount.