:

that emancipated slavesshould be remov-send over, in the true spirit of the G ed, and can be removed.

He next adverts to the history of Greek,
Egyptian, and Roman slavery; and affirms
that "no nation has ever long held another
in slavery without either,

1st. Privately assassinating them.
2d. Mixing with them; or,
3d. Being murdered by them."
He then proceeds: "Shall we adopt
the Greek remedy? No.-The Egyptian?
No.-Shall we wait for the St. Domingo
result? No.-Then some measure should
be devised. Is the subject unpleasant?
Will it become less so by delay?"

an order that every slave shall be with restored to his just and inalie rights; be a free laborer, working for est wages, and not under the impul terror; and then we may hope tha Gospel will be efficiently propa among them.

COLONY OF BLACKS.

The blacks who emigrated last sum from this vicinity to Upper Canada, named their colony WILBERFORC They have commenced opening and proving the land, obtained by purchase

After drawing a vivid picture of the dan-expect to cultivate small crops this

gers and horrors of insurrection, and after
alluding to the prosperity of Ohio, whose
farmers and mechanics are getting great
advantages over their neighbors of Ken-
tucky, the writer proceeds to recommend,
1. Gradual Emancipation, by law;
and, 2. Aremoval of the emancipated
to Liberia.

To the objection drawn from expense
of transportation, he replies, that the
emancipated man may be hired, by law,
for one year, and the hire ($40) will car-
ry two persons to Monrovia.

To the objection that they will not be willing to go, he answers- "Then let them remain in slavery. But they will. Few will hug their bonds."

son. But they are still in great nee pecuniary assistance. Israel Lewis, agent, under the advice of a respectable izen of Auburn, N. Y. has addressed a ter to the clergy in that state, Pennsylva and Ohio, requesting that collections be made in the churches, in aid of the ony, on the 4th July next. Ought not in Cincinnati to aid those driven out fr amongst us, rather than the colony at beria? We hope the subject may enga the attention of the clergy of our c and of the citizens generally. -Cin. G

AFRICAN INFANT SCHOOL IN BOSTON

We rejoice that measures are in fe wardness for establishing an Infant Scho for the children of people of color in th city. A lady of respectability, and of e

To the objection that sucha law would
be unconstitutional, he shows, in answer,
that it would not. "But suppose it is un-cellent qualification, has consented to s

constitutional; then our citizens should be
in haste to make it constitutional. - What
will be the condition of things in thirty
years more?"

Thusreasonsthe Kentuckian. Wewould
have copied at length but for want of room.
The spirit of Emancipation seems gain-
ing ground in Maryland, N. Carolina, Ken-
* tucky and Missouri. -Nat. Philan.

The Slavery Question in Great Britain. The editors of the London Christian Observer, in their number for Janua⚫ry, after asking why it is that every attempt of Christians to benefit the slaves, is frustrated, reply in the following decisive language: "The answer is plain: We keep them in the chains of slavery; refuse to let the oppressed go free; we exact their labor with stocks and imprisonment, and make them 'reap down our fields' without paying them wages for their work; & God does not, will not, bless our labors among them. The first, the very first step is to

perintend the institution. Subscriptio to a considerable amount have alread been made for this object, which w heartily commend to public patronage. Boston Paper.

A SLAVEHOLDER'S IDEA OF LIBERTY! One of the regular toasts at the Jefferso dinner, in Washington, was the following:"Liberty of the tongue, liberty of the press liberty of the conscience; liberty of the hand-the last not least."

What "the last" means, nobody knows Some say it means gouging: others imagine it to be a reflection on the President, for dismissing duellists from the Navy. We guess it means the liberty which John Randolph used, when he flogged his man Juba, to shew him that the Missouri Question had not dissolved the relation between master and slave.---Boston Pallad.

KIDNAPPING IN LOUISIANA.

We are glad to find that kidnappers of free blacks are pursued with as much spirit in Louisiana as they could be in any other State. In a late case a detachment of regulars and militia.

pursued, rescued, and guarded home several of these stolen people of color.-Southern Paper

UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION.

EDITED AND PUBLISHED BY BENJAMIN LUNDY, BALTIMORE, at $1 PER ANNUM IN ADVANCE.

"We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal, and endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness."

No. 5. VOL. I. THIRD SERIES]

AUGUST, 1830. [WHOLE NUMBER 257. VOL. XI.

PRODUCTIONS OF FREE LABOR.

It will have been perceived, from an advertisement on the covers of the last and present numbers of the Genius of Universal Emancipation, that the editor of this work has once more essayed to open a mercantile establishment, in the city of Baltimore, for the sale of such articles, produced by free labor, as are considered the staple commodities of our slave-holding sections of country.

Slave Trade, were enemies, of course, to the ed forward to its total abolition as the natural state of slavery generally, and must have lookconsummation of their system. But aware of the great influence of the West India proprietors, they feared that their whole scheme might be crushed in its outset, if they had ventured, in the beginning, to propose so extensive a reformation. They confined themselves, therefore, to the abolition of that detestable traffic; and trusted, we fear upon very insufficient grounds, to the effect of that measure in mitigating, and at last extinguishing altogether, the miseries of servitude. Experience, however, has shown how completely this reliance has been disappointed; and instead of finding that the abolition of the trade has led to the mitigation and gradual extinction of slavery,-the best informed advocates of the negroes are now compelled to look to the mitigation of slavery, as their best security for the substantial repression of the trade. This is distinctly stated in the 19th Report of the African Institution. "As in the abolition of the Slave Trade," they say, "we originally sought the mitigation of slavery, so are we now driven to consider whether any It is not my intention, at this time, to enter other efficient means are left us, than that of into argument to shew the propriety of the un-reversing our course of proceeding; and whether dertaking to which I now allude. But with the view of furnishing the reader with a few of the sentiments of others, the short article below is inserted. Anon, I shall have more to say upon the subject.

My sentiments on the subject of prefering the use of the productions of Free Labor, have been freequently expressed, and need not a recapitulation here. If I can by this means succeed in turning the attention of a few more of the citizens of this Republic to the evils of slavery; and if I can also thereby throw any additional light on the subject of the practicability and safety of emancipation, my object will be attained..

The "Edinburg Review," for October, 1827, contains a brief notice of a pamphlet, issued from the Press in England, entitled: "A short Review of the Slave Trade and Slavery, with considerations on the benefit which would arise from cultivating Tropical Productions by Free Labor." The following extract is very important. The “Genius of Universal Emancipation" has firmly maintained this doctrine from its commence

we must not look, henceforward, to the mitigation and extinction of slavery, as our only security for the abolition of the Slave Trade. We cannot, unfortunately, compel other nations to abandon it; and it seems too probable that they are not to be persuaded; but, by a determined encouragement of free labor, we may make it not worth pursuing."

vere in their patriotic and philanthropic endea- young ones go, and they will maintain vors to fix the public attention upon the sub-selves, and their increase will be in Afri

ject, Tennessee will, ere long, (as Kentucky is nearly prepared to do,) throw off the odious badge of despotism, and take her stand among the free and prosperous States of this Union.

The writer of this letter has many opportunities of noting the events of the times in the section of country where he resides; and to philanthropic patriotism and general intelligence, he unites a clear perception and sound judgment. His statement may be depended on, as strictly accurate, and his opinions are deserving of serious consideration. His proposition for attaching the slaves (of the present generation) to the soil, &c. &c. is of more importance than

Hayti, or wherever they are sent, witho expense of freightage. Some may obj this, as inhumane, because of its sepa kindred. I would answer, that husband wives need not be separated, nor mother small children; and where the emigrati voluntary, the separation is no more tha of the very common occurrences of life, cially among the youth of England, Ireland who come to the United States; and we s not be too squeamish on this point, whe ultimate effect must be the saving of muc man misery.

principal features of the old feudal sy 3. Let the southern slave-holders adop when it assumed what the lawyers call the lein socage tenures. That is, let them le to their slaves certain portions of their la for some certain services or rents in re all the colonizing schemes that were ever devis-and let it be understood, that the negro has 'ed. It is, essentially, the plan that MUST be ul-tain rights, which his master is not to dep

timately adopted, if we avoid insurrection and intestine war.

"I have, during the last four years, travelled about considerably, in this State and Alabama, and made acquaintance with such persons as I met with who resided in other States, and carefully noted in my mind such observations relative to slavery as struck me with force, appearing mostly as one who felt not, and I find others feel. The southern people are alarmed for their future condition. They see that slavery cannot continue to exist, and they are fearful of the consequences of its termination. I have no doubt if Kentucky should succeed in abolishing slavery, with no alarming consequences, Tennesse would soon follow her example. But neither state is quite ripe for the business yet. The fact is, wherever free and slave labor come in fair competition, the free labor throws the other in the shade, and enfranchisement will soon be the necessary consequence. Slaves will bring nothing in market, and will be a dreg on the master's hands; and as John Randolph once said on the floor of Congress, "the master will abscond from the slave." The southern people cannot tell what they are to do with all their blacks when this state of things comes on.Louisiana is becoming alarmed for her safety, and is taking measures for stopping that once fruitful market; and doubtless other states will see the necessity of doing so too. They see no probability of the Colonizing Societies taking all their black people away, and they will bankrupt their masters if they keep them. What is to be done? There are lands, and the owners want them cultivated, which they cannot do themselves. If they would hear me, I would propose to them something like this:

1. Let the different Colonization Societies go on in their work; and let Congress be applied to, to assist them with the national ships of war, which are not in times of peace employed to much purpose otherwise; likewise let a certain portion of the public lands be set apart to forward that particular purpose.

2. Let it be a general rule, (subject to prudential exceptions,) to Colonize none except those who will probably breed. The old ones, who will not increase, let us keep here, and death will soon rid us of them. Let all the

him of. Among others, let it be unders that the master cannot remove him from land, but must sell land and negroes all tog

er.

If this plan were once extensively ad ed, there is no doubt the laws would soo made to favor the scheme, for all would see profitableness of it, and adopt it from nece ty, to compete successfully with free labor.

If I could spare the time, I would write plan out in full detail; but my business will at present allow of it. I have studied much this subject, in all its bearings, and I am d dedly of opinion, that the attaching the negr to the land, would be a master stroke of pol no less beneficial to the master than the sla The change would be great, but easily effect All the information I can gather, making allo ances for some particular failures, which p ticular disadvantages caused, goes to strength me in this opinion. I dare say the thought occurred to you; and I have seen some treati on the subject, but none that handled it exac to my notion. The history of the progress the law in feudal governments, gave me mo grounds of reflection on this subject than a thing else. I believe if one state were to ado the policy, it would soon become the poli of all the southern states. And if a state we once, by its legislative acts, to commence e couraging the scheme, all past experience wou say that they would continue it, and that th judiciary would constantly lean in favour freedom, until slavery would gradually disa pear, like the mists of the morning, no ma would be sensible how."

COMING OUT, COMING OUT!

The leading arti

This is what I like to see. cle in the "American Spectator" of Washing ton City, for the 28th inst. severely criticises the conduct of those "reckless monsters" who traffick in human beings, and "barter for their blood," in that section of country which has been consecrated to republican freedom! Our friend Colton is not at all lukewarm upon the subject of slave trading in the District of Collumbia, latterly. He finds, no doubt, that it

Fiat Justitia Ruat Coelum.

were as wise to attempt scalding out vermin from a bed-chamber, with new milk, as to produce a reformation of this diabolical system by the use of soft words. I am glad to perceive the change that his mind has undergone relative to this matter. He once thought me too severe upon those reprobates; and (alluding to my motto) said something about my pulling heaven | down for the attainment of my object! He would not do this;-but, from his mode and raciness of expression, one would think he would not now hesitate, were it in his power, to pull hell up, for a similar purpose! He deserves great credit for the following remarks.

and were his history one of crimes, yet thousand
in their undiscriminating sympathy, would be
ready to rush to his rescue. But a sable skin
seems to place a man beyond the reach of hu-
man compassion, and to deliver him over unla-
mented and unthought of, to the scorpion
stings of demons. This domestic slave trade,
independent of the miseries and crimes con-
nected with it, is pregnant with portentous evil.
The moral sense of this nation will not always
awake, and the odium of this inhuman traffic
slumber over this subject-it will at length
will be cast in bitter denunciation, over every
section of the country where slavery prevails.
cruel and selfish. It is therefore the duty of
The merciful and generous will suffer with the
every humane slave-holder, a duty which he
owes himself, as well as the claims of humanity,
to protest solemnly and perseveringly against
this abominable traffic-to denounce it far
and near, and to hold up those engaged in it to

merited execration."

Another paragraph in the same paper contains the following pithy declaration. Disunionists, soul-sellers, &c. &c. will not long maintain their ill-gotten popularity, if a few more of our Southern able editors come to

this determination. Will he not set his face against the whole system of slavery, also?

"Domestic Slave Trade.-A mortifying example of the degradation and inhumanity connected with this odious traffic, was presented in our streets last Tuesday. A company of thirty or forty slaves, in chains, and under the menaces of the lash, were driven through the city, from the place of their confinement, to be crowded with several times their number more into the hold of a schooner, and shipped to New Orleans or Natchez, and sold under the hammer; and all this as a mere matter of speculation!-a cold-blooded money making concern!--a purchase and sale of human flesh and blood, liberty and life, connected with untold anguish, "We intermeddle but little with poetry or poli sorrow, and despair, for the sake of a little pe- tics-look occasionally into both these regions, cuniary profit!-and this too sanctioned and sup- || find them realms of fiction and frenzy, and are ported by the laws of the land! Can any thing willing to come back to almost any thing, unbe more degrading to a free people?-more dis- less it be nulification, the slave trade, intempergraceful to a civilized nation?-or fraught with ance, or killing off the Indians. For these we deeper destruction to the ultimate happiness and have no complacency-not a jot-and will opglory of a Republic? We exult in the prospect pose them so long as ink runs, or geese have that Algiers is to be sunk as in an earthquake-quills, and then we will take them by the word and why? Because she has enslaved her Chris- of mouth." tian captives; and shall we talk in this pious strain, and allow men among us to chain up thousands of human beings, drive them through our streets like cattle, and barter for their blood, for the sake of a few pence in profits? Let us hang our heads in silence and shame;-this canting hypocrisy is as odious as the guilt which it would fain conceal. That nation is a scandal on Christianity that prates of virtue, mercy, and justice, and allows every heartless and profligate wretch to barter in human blood, and travel to wealth through the tears and agonies of his fellow beings. Could the grave speak, could the coffin reveal its melancholy secrets, a record of woe would be presented that might hang our moral and political horizon in sackloth and gloom.

THE EMIGRANTS IN HAYTI.

I have lately received the most gratifying intelligence from some of the emigrants from this country who have settled in the island of Hayti. A letter from one of them states that he has purchased a Schooner, and shortly intends to send for his family, consisting of his wife and several children, who are now in Kentucky, where he himself was, once, a slave. He purposes to buy land, in the Spanish part of the island, with the view of settling his family there. Land, of the very best quality, can be had, in that section, for twenty to thirty cents

And what have these unhappy beings done, that they should be loaded with chains, and His letter is very interesting, as it inabandoned to the merciless rapacity of reckless per acre. monsters? What have been their offences forms of the prosperous condition of many of against the peace, happiness, or vital interests the emigrants; but I have room for nothing of society? What crimes have they committed? They were born with a skin of darker complex- further, at present, than the following extract, ion than our own! This is their unpardonable respecting the slaves emancipated by Joseph offence!-this is their crime, for which all pro- Leonard Smith, who were settled there little tection is to be withheld, and the inhuman savmore than a year ago. It is extremely gratifyage allowed to riot in their tears and blood.Even the chronicles of hell itself cannot fur- ing to learn that in so short a time they have, nish a record of more brutal injustice and cruelty. Were an innocent white man to be driv- by their industry, rendered themselves thus en through our streets in chains, we should ex- comfortable; and it shews what may be done by pect the very stones to cry out in remonstrance; those who will pursue a similar course.

This

statement of facts is worth a thousand of the vague arguments, used by the enemies of Hayti, to discourage the colored people from removing thither to enjoy the blessings of liberty and equal rights. In vain may the exclusive friends of African Colonization, or the unblushing advocates of perpetual slavery, resort to the various means of casting odium upon that government, and misrepresenting the state of things generally there, when the truth shall be elicited in this way. I again positively assert, that there is no place in the world, known to us at present, where the colored man can have greater opportunities to acquire riches, or will be more completely invested with the rights and privileges of civil and religious freedom, than in the Republic of Hayti.

The following is the Extract of a letter to the editor of this work, above alluded to. It bears date 5th July, 1830. I will observe, in addition, that I have conversed with the Captain of the vessel that brought this communication, who saw the wife of Gordon just before he sailed, and she fully confirmed the statement in the letter.

"I cannot close this letter without giving you some account relative to the people whom you

settled at l'Arcahai. My information is deriv- gentleman whose name is signed to the follo ed from Mr. & Mrs. Gordon and Mr. Russelling notice, and have no doubt of his sincer themselves. They are extremely well contented and honesty. I had no acquaintance with h with their lot, and now enjoying a comparative

dégree of happiness. Their gardens [lots contain- previous to his calling upon me with a reque ing several acres,] are fenced in; they have about || for its insertion. The proposition is an impor 2,000 Plantain-trees in bearing, * and several thou-ant one, be his ulterior views what they ma

sand Cotton-trees planted, which will shortly yield them a good crop, together with every species of ground provisions. Mrs. Gordon attends the markets of l'Arcahai and Port-auPrince for the sale of their products. At the latter place she disposes of them for cash, and and at the former, as she cannot always obtain specie for them, she exchanges them for other necessaries of life, of which they may stand in need. They all declare that they are perfectly satisfied and thankful for the blessings they enjoy."

I hope that I shall be able to make the publ more fully acquainted therewith, through th medium of this paper, when the next numbe appears.

NOTICE.

BE it known to persons owning female slave in the city of Baltimore, of age 14 to 20 years and willing to free them for a moderate price this will be paid by the subscriber, on being shown a copy of the following certificate, I, A. B. living in

of Slave

street, and ownam willing to set

her free on receiving the sum of

me paid.
Done in

* Few persons in this country have a correcter idea of the great profit arising from the culture of the plantain, or banana. A single plant will produce fruit worth from 25 to 371⁄2 annually, for several years, with little or no labor other than gathering and taking it to market, after making every necessary allowance for ordi-cipated slave.

nary failures in maturing &c. I have been informed that the product of a single stalk frequently sells for 50, and even 75 cents, in the large market towns; and two stalks, from the same root, often arrive at maturity within a year. The labor of planting, gathering, marketing, &c, is not more than that of a hill of green corn.

FREE AND SLAVE POPULATION. According to the recent Census, the population of the United States has greatly increased

the presence of two) neighbours witnessing.

}

to A. B.

This certificate to be delivered to the eman

The subscriber will be found, at all hours, at the Store of Cruse & Wilson, Franklin street.

Having no knowledge of the price of slave property, I applied to a friend, who gave me a scale of prices, which he said was moderate, and which I am willing to pay, viz:

For a female slave, 14 years of age, $60.

do.

do.

15
16 66

66

do.

Baltimore, 18th August, 1830.